RT20 | Performance Evaluation Method of Phasor Measurement Unit Using Real Time Simulation
Video
2020-06-18
Synchrophasor measurement technology is based on calculation of phasors obtained from basic electrical quantities (voltage and current) and the employment of a unique time reference, given normally by the global satellite navigation systems, which allows correlating, with accuracy, values of module and angle in large power electrical systems. The fundamental equipment regarding this type of measurement is the Phasor Measurement Unit (PMU) which is an equipment able to measure these basic electrical quantities, providing values of magnitude, angle, frequency and frequency variation in a data stream according to IEEE C77.118 standard. This data is made available to computational applications in order to allow a better visibility of the phenomena present in the electrical power systems and, consequently, providing operational decisions with greater security and flexibility. The initial ideas were conceived in the 1980s, through the work of Phadke, at Virginia Tech.
Several countries have used synchrophasor measurement in processes related to the monitoring, operation and control of their electrical power systems. The National System Operator (ONS) in Brazil is implementing the Synchronized Phasor Measurement System (SMSF), with the installation of nearly two hundred PMUs in the National Interconnected System (SIN) in its initial phase. There is a plan to provide more than one thousand PMUs in the future. CEPEL's Synchronous Phase Measurement Laboratory (LabPMU), in Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, is a laboratory infrastructure conceived to provide the performance tests of PMUs and research on applications of this technology. Since about five years, LabPMU gained prominence in the Brazilian electrical sector, notably through research involving the analysis of the performance of PMUs aiming at enhancing the performance of synchrophasor applications in Brazil. In this aspect of technology, reference tests have been carried out on PMUs from different manufacturers, in order to support ONS and utilities in the Brazilian electrical sector with regard to the quality of the equipment to be used in their project. In particular, LabPMU has two complementary tools: a PMU calibrator, programmed to perform all tests according to standard C37.118.1 and a digital simulator in real time, OPAL5600, that allows simulations in closed loop (“hardware in the loop ”- HIL). This specific configuration of the synchrophasor measurement laboratory is unique in the world, as far as our knowledge goes. This presentation will show the synergy existing between these two tools, innovative worldwide. It is based on the verification of the performance of PMUs using the calibrator and the subsequent simulation of electrical events in the OPAL5600 simulator including the PMUs. Through this methodology, it will be demonstrated that the behavior of the PMUs, demonstrated in the tests through the PMU calibrator, can bring consequences when these units are installed in the electrical power systems. The need to verify the correct configuration to be loaded in the PMU will be emphasized. This innovative methodology demonstrates that it is possible to predict the behavior of PMUs in an electrical system from the results obtained in previous laboratory tests.