FPGA-Based Modelling of Modular Power Converters for Data Centres System Interconnection and Integration Studies

Datacenters are one of the fastest-growing electrical loads in modern power systems, with future installations expected to reach power ratings of several hundred megawatts. Such large-scale integration poses significant challenges for grid stability and requires detailed studies to assess mitigation strategies. Besides, to optimize capital costs and reduce losses, next-generation data centers are considering DC-based infrastructures, and the use of advanced power electronic topologies to interconnect to the grid. Modular converters such as solid-state transformers (SSTs) have emerged as a promising solution for this purpose. However, analyzing the dynamic interaction between these converters and the grid is challenging and requires specialized electromagnetic transient (EMT) models, given the complexity introduced by hundreds of semiconductor switches and their medium-frequency operation. This paper proposes an FPGA-based modeling approach. The framework supports real-time EMT simulation and hardware-in-the-loop, facilitating detailed studies of datacenter integration. The proposed model is validated through a case study of a datacenter connected to a two-area power system. Simulation results demonstrate the capability of the proposed modelling approach to study the impact of datacenter integration on grid performance including detailed modelling of power electronics. The findings reveal how the data center load profile influences system voltage and frequency, and how advanced control strategies of the converters can mitigate these effects.