Hierarchical Sensor-Spoofing Defence Framework for Networked DC Microgrids via Cyber-Physical Coordination

This paper presents a hierarchical cyber-physical framework for detecting and mitigating sensor-spoofing attacks in networked microgrids. By coordinating protection across microgrid and distributed energy resource (DER) layers, the approach combines secured sensor measurements with proactive attack detection and sensor-bias estimation. The framework is experimentally validated on a cyber-physical DC networked microgrid testbed across diverse attack scenarios.